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Top 5 sailboat most Popular in word

Sail plans for various rigs

The Sloop 

The most popular plan is the SLOOP, which has one mast forward of amidships and two sails. The forward sail is the HEADSAIL or JIB, and the aft one is the MAIN-SAIL, also called the MAIN. A sail's leading-edge is its LUFF; it's after edge is the LEECH and its bottom edge is the FOOT. The jib is attached to the HEADSTAY with HANKS, strong hooks with spring-loaded closures. An alternative design uses a semiflexible track, or FOIL, on the stay that accepts a BOLTROPE sewn along the sail's luff. Such tracks offer better air-flow over the luff, making the sail more efficient; this also allows ROLLER FURLING to reduce sail area in heavy weather. Some mainsails may be roller-furled into a slot in the mast or boom, making them easier to REEF.


Headsails can have many names, depending on their size, weight, and shape. A STORM JIB is a small sail made of heavy cloth to be flown in heavy weather; a WORKINGJIB is flown in a moderate to fresh breeze; and a GENOA, an oversize jib reaching well past the mast and built from lighter sailcloth, provides greater power when the wind is light. Genoas come in a range of sizes, the larger of which may have a surface area greater than the mainsail. As roller-furling mechanisms have become more reliable and versatile, a single roller-furling headsail—the size of a large genoa when fully set and the size of a working jib when partially furled—is an increasingly popular substitute for a range of headsails that must be raised and lowered as the %ind strengthens or lightens. This approach trades a slight loss of aerodynamic efficiency for a large increase in convenience.
When a sloop's jib is hoisted from a stay running to the top of the mast, it is a MASTHEAD SLOOP. If the jib is hoisted to a lower point, the sloop has a FRACTIONAL RIG. The headsail of this type of rig only reaches to a fraction of the height of the mast—typically three-quarters or seven-eighths.
The foot of a working jib may be attached to a small spar called a CLUB. This arrangement allows the sail to be SELF-TENDING because it can be controlled by one SHEET rather than two. A CLUB-FOOTED JIB can be TACKED (see Chapter 8) without releasing one sheet and hauling in on the other. Self-tending jibs are easier to handle but limited to working-jib size. Genoas, which overlap the mainmast, cannot be controlled with a club and single sheet.
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The Cutter 

A single-masted sailboat similar to the sloop, the CUTTER has its mast more nearly amidships, leaving room for a larger FORE-TRIANGLE filled by two headsails. The outer headsail is the jib, while the inner is a STAYSAIL. A cutter rig has avo advantages. First, it divides sail area among smaller sails that are more easily handled. Second, it provides more sail reduction options in rough going than does a sloop. And when the jib is lowered, the remaining staysail is smaller and closer to the mast, giving added safety in a seaway. This rig has been a longtime favorite among cruising sailors. A modern DOUBLE HEADSAIL SLOOP—essentially a cutter %ith its mast slightly farther forward accomplishes much the same thing.

The Ketch & Yawl 

The KETCH and YAWL look somewhat alike. Both have a tall MAINMAST and a shorter MIZZENMAST (a smaller mast aft of the mainmast) that flies a MIZZEN sail. The distinction between a ketch and a yawl is a common topic of debate among sailors. Traditionally, the governing rule is location of the mizzenmast: If it is ahead of the rudderpost, the boat is a ketch; however, if it is behind the rudderpost, the boat is a yawl.

Ketches and yawls are DIVIDED RIGS, meaning the sail area is divided between two masts. Either craft may have a masthead or a fractional rig forward of the mainmast with one or more headsails. Individual sails are more manageable in size and more easily handled by a small crew. Both may fly a large jib-like sail between the masts called a MIZZEN STAYSAIL. Because of the extra rigging and mast surface area exposed to the wind, these rigs have more WINDAGE and are less effective on smaller boats where windage is relatively more important. Ketch rigs—which are more versatile than yawls by virtue of their larger and more powerful mizzens are popular among cruising sailors for long-distance voyages. Mizzenmasts are a practical location for mounting electronic antennas.

The Schooner 

A SCHOONER is a vessel with at least two masts (in the 19th century, some carried up to seven). On two-masted schooners, the mainmast is at and is at least as tall or taller than the forward mast, or FOREMAST. Most schooners used multiple headsail combinations including—from top-down the flying jib, the jib, and the FORESTAY-SAIL The number of headsails and their names vary with the location and the time period.
Schooners were workboats, mainly fishing vessels. Equipped with tall, powerful rigs, they raced home from the Grand Banks (southeast of Newfoundland) to get top dollar for their catches.
Early schooners were GAFF RIGGED FOUR-SIDED (four-edged) sails on the mainmast and foremast supported by a spar—the GAFF—at their top edges. Often, a triangular TOPSAIL was flown above both the main and foresails. For extra power, a sail called a FISHERMAN was set between the masts. These complex rigs required more deckhands than are standard today. The modern schooner rig may carry a MARCONI or JIB-HEADED main and foresail (triangular as in the mainsail on a sloop). The foresail may be LOOSE-FOOTED, not fitted Ivith a boom, and there may be only one headsail.
Schooners are most comfortable in steady trade winds on long ocean passages. Although they do not sail to windward as well as other rigs, they make up for it when the 'Vind is on or aft of the beam.

The Catboat 

A boat that caries only one mast set well forward and no headsails is known as a CATBOAT. When fishing was done under sail, catboats were practical for coastal fishermen because there was less rigging to get in the way when handling nets or unloading the catch. Also, the boat's single sail was easier for one person to handle. Recent cat-rigged designs make use of UNSTAYED masts (masts that have no standing rigging, being supported only by the deck). With less windage, and high, narrow sail plans, these can often perform nearly as well as sloop rigs. Today you can see unstayed cat ketches and the occasional cat schooner.

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